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We replaced hydrophobic residues at the crystallographic interface of the dimer with positively charged residues (A206K, L221K, or F223R). These mutants were likewise expressed and purified, and their self-association was measured by analytical ultracentrifugation... We call these novel monomeric GFP variants mCFP, mGFP, and mYFP. These mutations caused no significant alterations in the spectral properties.