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KillerRed

KillerRed is a basic (constitutively fluorescent) red fluorescent protein published in 2005, derived from Anthoathecata.
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Oligomerization Organism Molecular Weight Cofactor
Dimer Anthoathecata 26.4 kDa -

FPbase ID: MSYZC

Attributes

Ex λ Em λ EC (M-1 cm-1) QY Brightness pKa Maturation (min) Lifetime (ns)
585 610 45,000 0.25 11.25      
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Photostability

No photostability measurements available ... add one!

KillerRed Sequence

BLAST

KillerRed was derived from anm2CP with the following mutations: V21E/D24G/I30V/K73R/N76D/T91S/G114D/I118V/K136R/T145N/S154P/C161A/Y162F/S175G/L181M/K190E/V199I/I201T/K205R/T220A/*231GextSDED

MEGGPALFQSDMTFKIFIDGEVNGQKFTIVADGSSKFPHGDFNVHAVCETGKLPMSWKPICHLIQYGEPFFARYPDGISHFAQECFPEGLSIDRTVRFENDGTMTSHHTYELDDTCVVSRITVNCDGFQPDGPIMRDQLVDILPNETHMFPHGPNAVRQLAFIGFTTADGGLMMGHFDSKMTFNGSRAIEIPGPHFVTIITKQMRDTSDKRDHVCQREVAYAHSVPRITSAIGSDED
GenBank: AAY40168
UniProtKB: Q2TCH5
IPG: 4241616

Structure

Deposited: ,
Chromophore:

Excerpts

Asn145 and Ala161 appeared to be indispensable for KillerRed's phototoxic effect, although other substitutions are also important.

Bulina et al. (2005)

We characterized KillerRed phototoxic activity as a function of irradiation time. KillerRed kills 96% of E. coli cells after 10 min and almost all cells after 20 min of irradiation with white light (1 W/cm2). We also verified that cell killing depends on the wavelength of the incident light. KillerRed demonstrated a strong cell killing effect in green light (540–580 nm) and almost no effect upon irradiation with blue light (460–490 nm) of equal intensity (35 mW/cm2).

Bulina et al. (2005)

Primary Reference

A genetically encoded photosensitizer

Bulina Me, Chudakov Dm, Britanova Ov, Yanushevich Yg, Staroverov Db, Chepurnykh Tv, Merzlyak Em, Shkrob Ma, Lukyanov S, Lukyanov Ka

(2005). Nature Biotechnology, 24(1) , 95-99. doi: 10.1038/nbt1175. Article   Pubmed

Additional References

  1. A proton transfer network that generates deprotonated tyrosine is a key to producing reactive oxygen species in phototoxic KillerRed protein

    Lee W, Kim I, Rhee Ym

    (2018). Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 20(34) , 22342-22350. doi: 10.1039/c8cp02939c. Article   Pubmed

  2. GFP-Like Phototransformation Mechanisms in the Cytotoxic Fluorescent Protein KillerRed Unraveled by Structural and Spectroscopic Investigations

    De Rosny E, Carpentier P

    (2012). Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(43) , 18015-18021. doi: 10.1021/ja3073337. Article   Pubmed

  3. Structural basis for the phototoxicity of the fluorescent protein KillerRed

    Carpentier P, Violot S, Blanchoin L, Bourgeois D

    (2009). FEBS Letters, 583(17) , 2839-2842. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.07.041. Article   Pubmed

  4. Structural Basis for Phototoxicity of the Genetically Encoded Photosensitizer KillerRed

    Pletnev S, Gurskaya Ng, Pletneva Nv, Lukyanov Ka, Chudakov Dm, Martynov Vi, Popov Vo, Kovalchuk Mv, Wlodawer A, Dauter Z, Pletnev V

    (2009). Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284(46) , 32028-32039. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m109.054973. Article   Pubmed

  5. Chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) using the phototoxic fluorescent protein KillerRed

    Bulina Me, Lukyanov Ka, Britanova Ov, Onichtchouk D, Lukyanov S, Chudakov Dm

    (2006). Nature Protocols, 1(2) , 947-953. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2006.89. Article   Pubmed

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